[Core] Use polled waiting on ChibiOS platforms that support it (#17607)

* Use polled waiting on platforms that support it

Due to context switching overhead waiting a very short amount of time on
a sleeping thread is often not accurate and in fact not usable for timing
critical usage i.e. in a driver. Thus we use polled waiting for ranges
in the us range on platforms that support it instead. The fallback is
the thread sleeping mechanism.

This includes:

* ARM platforms with CYCCNT register (ARMv7, ARMv8) this is
  incremented at CPU clock frequency
* GD32VF103 RISC-V port with CSR_MCYCLE register this is incremented at
  CPU clock frequency
* RP2040 ARMv6 port which uses the integrated timer peripheral which is
  incremented with a fixed 1MHz frequency

* Use wait_us() instead of chSysPolledDelayX

...as it is powered by busy waiting now.

* Add chibios waiting methods test bench

platforms/chibios/drivers/vendor/RP/RP2040/serial_vendor.c

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ static inline void enter_rx_state(void) {
     }
     // Wait for ~11 bits, 1 start bit + 8 data bits + 1 stop bit + 1 bit
     // headroom.
-    chSysPolledDelayX(US2RTC(1 * MHZ, (1000000U * 11 / SERIAL_USART_SPEED)));
+    wait_us(1000000U * 11U / SERIAL_USART_SPEED);
     // Disable tx state machine to not interfere with our tx pin manipulation
     pio_sm_set_enabled(pio, tx_state_machine, false);
     gpio_set_drive_strength(SERIAL_USART_TX_PIN, GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_2MA);